This unit examines legal and policy issues relevant to military and security matters, with a particular focus on ethical aspects relevant to the use of force. Students will be introduced to international humanitarian law in the modern context. This unit is for students of all disciplines seeking a baseline understanding of ethics relating to traditional and emerging warfare including space and cyber, law and ethics concerning military operations and national security, operational commercial law, autonomous weaponry, incarceration of veterans and the appropriation of cultural property.

Summary of Learning: In this course you will learn about the risks associated with Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS). You will develop the understanding of the short- and long-term risks associated with such weapons and the emergent ethical and moral considerations in the deployment of LAWS. It will focus on the specific ethical and moral issues associated with AI and LAWS. The course will also explore approaches taken by international bodies such as NATO and United Nations that highlight approaches and responses that may be applicable in the Australian Defence context. The Learning Objective: 1. Develop an understanding of the different types and forms of Lethal Autonomous Weapons (LAWs) 2. Develop an understanding the ethical and moral issues (including consequences) in the use of such weapons 3. Develop an understanding of the international approaches by international bodies that may be applicable to the Australian Defence context.

Summary of Learning: The decision to utilise force brings with it many considerations that must be applied in an often-dynamic environment and yet the post use-of-force articulation may be heavily scrutinised in a military context (including through the system of military justice) the civilian justice system and the community. This course will introduce the learner to the moral and ethical considerations of the use of force. This Unit will examine the legal codification of the ethical use of force within civil society and military contexts. Learners will be exposed to decision making practices when faced with use of force issues which reflect ethical practice and the Values and traditions of the Australian Defence Force. The Learning Objective: 1. Develop an understanding of the legal implications of the use of force in different types of operations in different levels of conflict/operations (that all applications of force must be Justified, Excused by Law, and Legally Defensible) 2 . Develop an understanding of the ethical environmental considerations that accompany the decision to use force including the Decision-Making Process - outcomes and risks (the moral dilemma) ;Uncertainty; and the ethical implications 3. Understand historical examples where the legal use of force has been misused.

This unit will take a closer look at what it is to think, act, and view the world ethically. Students will learn about universalist, relativist and pluralist thinking. The unit will investigate the various interpretations of ethics, historical and contemporary, separating facts and beliefs. This unit is aimed at students of all disciplines to form foundations in ethics and critical thinking.