On this Page:

• The effects of Climate Change 
• Government Action
• Eco-tourism

With a population of only 1,800 people and limited resources, Niue is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Like many other Pacific Island nations, even a slight rise in sea temperature, or a single extreme weather event can be catastrophic. Coastal erosion has already begun in certain parts of the island, putting communities living near the coast at risk. In addition, rising sea levels are threatening the underground fresh water supply.

The Niuean people rely heavily on subsistence farming and fishing, with agriculture being crucial for local food security. Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are disrupting growing seasons, with droughts and extreme rainfall making it difficult to grow staple crops. In 2004, Cyclone Heta swept across the island with peak wind gusts of 296 kms/hour, waves reached up to 50 metres high, washing away whole buildings situated on the Alofi terrace, more than 25 metres above sea level. Large areas of farmland were destroyed along with homes and key infrastructure. The tourism sector was also hit hard due to the widespread damage.

The Heta tragedy was repeated to a lesser extent in 2016 when Cyclone Winston, one of the most powerful cyclones ever recorded in the Pacific, passed close to the island. Recovery from both cyclones was slow and costly, draining resources that could have been used to improve health, education, and development.

Niue’s biodiversity is also increasingly at risk to climate change. The island is home to tropical forests, coral reefs, and a variety of marine life, all of which are susceptible to shifts in environmental conditions. Coral reefs are particularly sensitive to rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification, which causes coral bleaching. Damage to coral reefs diminish their ability to protect the coastline from storm surges and affects marine biodiversity, which is vital for both local fishing, tourism, and ecological health.

Government Action

In response to these challenges, Niue has been actively engaged in climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts. The government – alongside international organisations like the United Nations and the Pacific Islands Forum – has developed strategies to address climate-related threats. Some of these include enhancing coastal protection through the restoration of coral reefs and mangroves, improving water management systems, and promoting climate-resilient agricultural practices such as drought resistant farming. Niue has also made a commitment to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions and is a participant in global climate agreements.

A key focus of Niue's adaptation efforts is the integration of traditional knowledge with modern sustainability practices. The island’s people have long depended on their close relationship with the land and the sea for their survival. Agroforestry and crop diversification are being promoted to improve food security while conservation efforts are focused on protecting the island’s native flora and fauna.

Eco tourism

Recognising the delicate balance between showcasing Niue’s natural wonders and preserving them, the government is focused on providing small-scale, high value activities that will attract visitors who are environmentally conscious and interested in the island’s way of life.

The government, in collaboration with the Niue Tourism Office, has empowered local communities to be custodians of their environment and culture. From guided eco-tours that educate visitors on native flora and fauna to cultural workshops that share Niuean crafts and traditions, eco-tourism is a growing sector that has both environmental and economic benefits.

Limitations

Despite ongoing efforts, Niue faces significant financial and logistical challenges in implementing large-scale programs that will bring about meaningful change. The country’s remote location, small population, and limited economic resources make it difficult to fund major projects. Access to technology, equipment, and expertise is also challenging, making Niue dependant on international support to meet their priorities.

For more information on Niue climate change and conservation, see the resources below:

Videos:

• One of the greatest injustices': Pacific islands on the frontline of the climate crisis
• Text to showTP Plus Niue Conservation
• Predator Free Pacific – Niue 

Articles:

• Launch of Three Key Documents Strengthen Niue's Ability to Garner Support to Fight Climate Change
• Niue Strategic Framework and GCF Country Programme 2024
• The Guide to Ecotourism in Niue – Niue Pocket Guide
• Niue’s Unique Approach to Wildlife Conservation
• Niue walking the talk on protecting 100% of its Ocean space | The Pacific Community
• Sponsor An Ocean? – Indo-Pacific Defense FORUM
• Niue After Cyclone Heta
• Niue’s water future: A community-based approach